feudal courts — In the 12th century a lord qua lord had the right to hold a court for his tenants. In the 13th century, they became of less importance for three reasons: The feudal principle would have led to a series of courts one above the other, and the… … Black's law dictionary
feudal land tenure — System by which land was held by tenants from lords. In England and France, the king was lord paramount and master of the realm. He granted land to his lords, who granted land to their vassals and so on down to the occupying tenant. Tenures were… … Universalium
Mixed Courts of Egypt — The Mixed Courts of Egypt (Arabic: المحاكم المختلطة) were founded in October 1875 by the Khedive Ismail. Designed by Nubar Pasha to be part of the Khedive’s great plans for Egypt, the Mixed Courts led to a radical reform of Egypt’s chaotic… … Wikipedia
Ecclesiastical courts — Civil, common law and canon law were different legal systems co existing uncomfortably; some way had to be found to permit coexistence. From the 12c, the *clergy had a privilege of belonging to the jurisdiction of the ecclesiastical courts. By… … Dictionary of Medieval Terms and Phrases
United Kingdom — a kingdom in NW Europe, consisting of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: formerly comprising Great Britain and Ireland 1801 1922. 58,610,182; 94,242 sq. mi. (244,100 sq. km). Cap.: London. Abbr.: U.K. Official name, United Kingdom of Great… … Universalium
arts, East Asian — Introduction music and visual and performing arts of China, Korea, and Japan. The literatures of these countries are covered in the articles Chinese literature, Korean literature, and Japanese literature. Some studies of East Asia… … Universalium
Henry II — 1. ( Henry the Saint ) 973 1024, king of Germany 1002 24 and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire 1014 24. 2. ( Curtmantle ) 1133 89, king of England 1154 89: first king of the Plantagenet line (grandson of Henry I of England). 3. 1519 59, king of… … Universalium
procedural law — Law that prescribes the procedures and methods for enforcing rights and duties and for obtaining redress (e.g., in a suit). It is distinguished from substantive law (i.e., law that creates, defines, or regulates rights and duties). Procedural law … Universalium
Austria — Austrian, adj., n. /aw stree euh/, n. a republic in central Europe. 8,054,078; 32,381 sq. mi. (83,865 sq. km). Cap.: Vienna. German, Österreich. * * * Austria Introduction Austria Background: Once the center of power for the large Austro… … Universalium
land reform — any program, esp. when undertaken by a national government, involving the redistribution of agricultural land among the landless. [1840 50, Amer.] * * * Deliberate change in the way agricultural land is held or owned, the methods of its… … Universalium
